Hydraulic cartridge.



Patented May 25, 1915.

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HYDRAULIC CARTRIDGE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 13, 1914.

Patented May 25,V 1915.

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DAVY- VANCE SICKMAN, OF DENVER, COLORADO.`

VHYDBAULIC CARTRIDGE.

arrancar.'

l Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 25, i915.

Application led Apri113, 1914. Serial No. 831,418.

To all whom it mai/.concern Be it known that I, DAvr VANCE SICK- MAX, citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Denver and State thereon, which. form a part ofthis specification. v

My invention relates to improvements in hydraulic cartridges adapted for use in breaking down material in mines. Cartridges of this class are more especially adapted for breaking down coal, after suitable preparation. For, instance, a block or relatively large quantity of coal in bulk is prepared by forming a space for a considerable distance underneath ythe same, after which a hole is bored above this block or mass, in which the hydraulic cartridge is placed. Water is then introducedl to the' cartridge under suitable pressure and acts upon the pistons within the shell or body of the cartridge, whereby the latter are actu-y ated and during suchV movement, act upon the body or block of coal to force or breakv the same downwardly. This has been found the most advantageous manner of breaking down coal, since it avoids, as far as is possible, the production of vslack or fine coal in work of' this class.

My present improvement relates particularly to the special form of pistons employed in cartridges of this character, together with the form of chambers in which these pistons are located. Heretofore, so far as I am aware, these pistons and chambers have been cylindrical in shape. This particular shape of pistons and chambers is not exceedingly advantageous owing to the relatively small area of piston available, as compared with the size of the cartridge employed.

My improvement consists in forming the pistons elongated, preferably ellipsoidal in shape, whereby the diameter of the piston, lengthwise of the cartridge, is greater than its diameter in the transverse direction. As illustrated in the drawing, these pistons are shown both ellipsoidal and `with rounded ends and parallel opposite sides. Approximately the same results are obtained in both instances. The extremities of the pistons are grooved to receive tongues which are applied to the partitions between the chambers in which the pistons are located, these tongues being formed upon small plates which are readily removable. These plates also form stops to prevent the pistons from slipping entirely out of their chambers. Provision is made, however, for exhausting the water from the chambers aft-er the pistons have moved the desired distance, in order to properly perform the coal breaking function. This exhaust loccurs before the shoulders of the pistons reach the tongues the latter to shear or break the tongues engaging the counterpart grooves of the Vadjacent piston extremities.

Having briefly outlined my improved construction, I will proceed to describe the same in detail, reference being made to the accompanying drawing, in which is illustrated an embodiment thereof.

In this drawing,-Figui'e l is avertical longitudinal. section taken through a hydraulic cartridge equipped with my. improvement. Fig. 2 is a similarview, showing the pistons partially ejected. Fig. 3 is an underneath view or a .view looking in the direction of'arrow 3, Fig. 1. a cross section takenv onthe line Llevi, Fig. 1, looking' toward the right. Fig. 5 is a section taken on the line 5-5, Fig. 2, looking toward the right. Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 3, showing a slightly modified form of piston. Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal section similar to Fig. 2, but illustrating a modified form of construction, whereby the pistons are ejected successively from rear to front, instead of simultaneously, as illustra-ted in Fig. 2.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the views.

Referring first more especially to Figs. 1

to 3,' inclusive, let the numeral 5 designate.

Fig.l 4 is lgrooves which lare engaged by tongues 14 v perforatedV of counterpart shape. To the top of each piston is applied a gasket or cup leather 8, Y the Vsame belng held in place by a plate 9 to receiveV fastening screws- 10 which are assed therethrough and threaded into the ody of the piston. The plstonsy are grooved vat opposite ends as shown at 12. Thesegrooves are openV at the exposed extremities of the pistons, shouldersor oiff sets 13 being formed atthe bottomrof the v formed on stop plates 15v which are secured to the cartridge bar by., fastening screws 16.

1' When the pistons are intheir normal po.

sition within thev bar 5, there 1s a space 17` aboveeach 'piston for the introduction.. ofV

I "water under the necessary pressure to eject the pistons for the purpose stated. Thls water is lintroduced through a relatively l small duct or oriice18 formed in a conduit 19 having oneextremity 21 threaded intol a recessformed in the extremity of the car` l tridge which is outermost when the device t is inserted in the hole in the coal or other material which the cartridge is to be employed to break down. This orifice 18 registers with an orifice 2O .'of corresponding size formed in the Vadjacent end of the bar. From vtheV upper extremity of the orifice 20 a relatively long orifice 22 extends through the upperl part of the bar, its rear extremity terminating-at a lport 23 which communicates with the rearmost piston chamber. It-

should be explained that the terms f front and rear or forwardand rearward as employed in the descriptionV of these cartridges, has relation to their position when inserted innthe'hole formed in the coal, for

instance, orother material lwhere the cartridges are employed. Each of the otherpistonchambersv is in vcommunication with the duct ororifice 22 by means of a small I port 23. By virtue of'this construction the water which acts upon the pistons may bel Vsimultaneously introducedinto all thechambers,'whereby the pistons are approximatelyv simultaneously ejected or forced down- Y`wardly into engagement with thecoal for breaking down the latter.

As heretofore intimated, in Figs. 1 to 3, the pistons are technically ellipsoidal in shape. In Fig. 6, this formgis-slightly modi/ fied, since the extremities of the pistons -are rounded or semi-circular, whilettheir opposite sides between these, extremities are straight,thel opposite sides being parallel. This construction gives substantially the same results fas are obtained by the ellipsoidal4 form. QInV other respects, the construction as disclosed' in Fig. 6 is substan` tia'lly identical with that shown in Fig. 3.

' The formof construction shown in Fig. 7 is similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and-2, except that provision is made in the form in Figa? for successively ejecting the pistons from the rearmost forwardly. In this construction, the liquid is introduced -in the first instance, to the rearmost chamber, whereby the corresponding piston is partially ejected, after which a port or duct' in the partition separating the rearmost chamber from the next one forward, is uncovered, allowing the water to iow from the rearmost piston chamber to the adjacent 'chamber in front. In this event, the piston in the last named chamber begins its outward movement and after it has moved the required distance, a'corresponding duct or port formed in the partition separating the foremost chamber from the one next in the rear is uncovered, after which the water enters the foremost chamber and the corresponding' piston begins its outward travel. Inrthis way, the pistons are progressively -andlsuccessively actuated from the rear toward the front, the rearmost being first caused to act upon the coal and the other two in succession, whereby it is broken down by pressure acting thereon progres-vv sively forwardly. This method of operation may be advantageously employed, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. In this form of construction (see Fig. 7), the water is first introduced to the to enter the last named chamber, its corresponding piston begins to move outwardly and shortly uncovers a port 3l which places the central chamber 6 'in communication with the foremost chamber, the rear extremity of the port 31 communicating with the upper extremity of the foremost chamber. In this way the pistons are progressively ejected as heretofore explained, land the vwork of breaking down the coal most advantageously accomplished.

In the foregoing description, the use and operation of my improved hydraulic cartridge will' be readily understood. The necessary water and the desired pressure may be supplied by any suitable apparatus,

and the manner in which the hydraulic pressure acts upon the pistons of the cartridges will be readily understood from 4the explanation heretofore given. My improvement, as heretofore stated, consists in providing pistons, having relatively large areas exposed to the hydraulic pressure delivered to the cartridge, as compared with the diameter of the bar or shell of the `cartridge in which the piston chambers are formed.

In' order that the stop tongues 14 may be ellectiv'e in limiting theoutward movement of the pistons, provision must be` made for the escape or exhaust of the .Water Which acts to drive the pistons, as heretofore explained. Hence, the cartridge bar is provided near the outer extremities of the piston chambers with exhaust ports 32 through which the water begins to escape after the pistons have reached their predetermined outward travel for the pui-:pose fof breakingdown the coal or other materiahas heretofore explained.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is,"

1. A hydraulic cartridge comprising a body member having elongated chambers formed therein and pistons of counterpart shape located in said chambers, the latter being openl on one side of the cartridge, and means for introducing fluid to the cartridge for the ejection of the pistons.

2. A hydraulic cartridge comprising a body member having ellipsoidal chambers formed therein, pistons of counterpart shape located in said chambers, and means for introducing lluid to the chambers for the ejection of the pistons, the chambers of the latter being open for the purpose.

3. A cartridge of the class described, comprising ya. body member having chambers, pistons located in said chambers and means for introducing fluid to'the chambers for the progressive ejection of the respective pistons.

l. A cartridge of the class described, cornprising a body member having chambers, pistons in said chambers and means for in troducing fluid to the said chambers for the ejection of the several' pistons progressively from the rear toward the front.

A cartridgeot the class described, comprising ahody` member having chambers and pistons located in said chambers, the body member having a duct extending from the front rearwardly, its rear extremity being in communication with the rearmost chambei', and ducts betweenthe several chambers, which ducts are normally cut ofi' from the fluid by`the pistons, the said ducts in the partitions having their rear extremities below the tops ot the pistons when the latter are in their normal or retracted position.

G. A cartridge ot the class described, com! prising a body member having chambers,

pistonslocated in said chambers, the body member of the cartridge having a duct ex- Iing nearer' the top of its piston, when the pistons are in their normal or retarded position.

7. A cartridge having chambers formed therein, pistons in the said chambers, the extremities of the pistonsbeing grooved, stop plates applied to the body of the cartridge and having tongues extending into the said grooves, the latter having shoulders at their inner extremities to limit the outward movement of the pistons, the chambers having exhaust ports to permit the escape of water from the chambers when the pistons have reached their predetermined limit of outward movement.

8. A hydraulic cartridge comprising a body member having an elongated chamber formed therein, and a piston of counterpart shape located in said chamber, the latter being open on one side of the cartridge, and means for gradually and continuously introducing fluid to the said chamber during the ejection of the piston.

9. A hydraulic cartridge comprising a body member having an elongated chamber formedv therein, and a piston of counterpart shape located in said chamber, the latter being open on one side of the cartridge, and means for introducing fluid to the chamber for the ejection ot the piston.

10.- A hydraulic cartridge comprising -a body member having elongated chambers formed therein, and pistons at' counterpart shape located in said cl'iamber. the latter being open on one side tor each piston` and means for gradually and continuously introducing fluid under pressure to cach piston chamber for and during the ejection of the piston.

In testimony whereof I aliix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

DAVY VANCE SICKMN.

lVitnesses: Maze Kram', v

A. Eni-:RT OBicrnx. 

